FiltAudio


Routine:

FiltAudio [options] -f FilterFile AFileI AFileO

Purpose:

Filter data from an audio file

Description:

This program takes an audio file and a filter coefficient file as input and produces a filtered output audio file. Subsampling and interpolation factors can be optionally specified. This program supports three types of filters, FIR, all-pole, and general IIR. Filters are specified in filter files.

Filter Files:

The first record of a filter file indicates the type of filter.

  !FIR  - FIR filter, direct form
  !IIR  - IIR filter, cascade of biquad sections
  !ALL  - All-pole filter, direct form

Subsequent records contain text lines with filter coefficients. Comment records ('!' in the first position of the record) can be interspersed amongst the data. Data records are free form, with data values separated by white-space (blanks, tabs and newlines). Commas can also be used to separate data values, but only within records, i.e. a comma should not appear at the end of a record.

FIR filters are specified by the direct-form coefficients h[i],

         N-1       -i
  H(z) = SUM h[i] z    .
         i=0

IIR filters are implemented as the cascade of biquadratic filter sections, where each section has a z-transform,

           h(i,0)*z^2 + h(i,1)*z + h(i,2)
  H(i,z) = ------------------------------ .
              z^2 + h(i,3)*z + h(i,4)

All-pole filters are specified by direct-form feedback coefficients,

          1                    N-1       -i
  H(z) = ----  ,  where C(z) = SUM h[i] z    .
         C(z)                  i=0

For FIR filters, a sample rate change can be affected with interpolation and subsampling. For IIR and all-pole filters, the output can be subsampled. Let Ir and Nsub be the interpolation and subsampling factors, respectively. Conceptually, the rate change is accomplished as follows.

1: Ir-1 zeros are inserted between adjacent samples of the frequency shifted
input to increase the sampling rate by a factor of Ir.
2: The increased rate signal is filtered.
3: The result of the filtering is subsampled by a factor of Nsub to form the
output signal.

The initial filter alignment and the number of output samples can be specified with options. The filter alignment specifies the position of the filter relative to the input data for calculating the first output sample. For FIR filters, this alignment is relative to the increased rate input sequence. Specifically, let the number of samples in the input file be Nin. The input can be considered to be an array x(0),...,x(Nin-1). The increased rate sequence is xi(.), with xi(k*Ir)=x(k). The first output sample is calculated with the beginning of the impulse response of the filter aligned with xi(idoffs). The array xi(.) can be considered to be of length Nin*Ir; the first non-zero sample is xi(0)=x(0), the last non-zero sample is xi((Nin-1)*Ir). Conceptually, the impulse impulse response is moved in steps of Nsub to create the output samples.

The intent is that the output samples are the subset of the values the would be obtained if the infinite length sequence formed by padding out the input data on either end with zeros were to be filtered. To this end, the filter calculations need warm-up points, particularly for the case that the initial filter alignment is not at the beginning of the input data. For FIR filters, this is taken into account by reading previous input values into the filter memory. For IIR and all-pole filters, previous outputs are also needed as warm-up points. If the initial alignment is near the beginning of the data, the IIR filter is run from the beginning of the data to generate the warm-up points. For larger alignment offsets, the IIR filter is backed up for a maximum of 1000 samples to provide the warm-up points.

If the initial filter alignment is not explicitly specified, it is chosen to be zero, except for symmetric or anti-symmetric FIR filters. In those cases the default alignment is Ncof/2-1 for even length filters and (Ncof-1)/2 for odd length filters. If the number of output samples is not explicitly set, it is chosen to be Ir*Nin/Nsub. For the case of Ir=1 and Nsub=1, this results in the same number of output samples as input samples. If the initial filter alignment, offs, is explicitly specified, the number of output samples is chosen to be (Ir*Nin-offs)/Nsub. This value can be overridden by explicitly setting the number of output samples.

Options:

Input file name, AFileI:
The environment variable AUDIOPATH specifies a list of directories to be searched for the input audio file. Specifying "-" as the input file indicates that input is from standard input.
Output file name, AFileO:
The second file name is the output file. Specifying "-" as the output file name indicates that output is to be written to standard output. If the output file type is not explicitly given (-F option), the extension of the output file name is used to determine the file type.
  ".au"   - AU audio file
  ".wav"  - WAVE file
  ".aif"  - AIFF sound file
  ".afc"  - AIFF-C sound file
  ".raw"  - Headerless file (native byte order)
  ".txt"  - Text audio file (with header)
-f FILTFILE, --filter_file=FILTFILE
Text file containing filter coefficients. The header of the file indicates the type of filter as described above.
-i IR/NSUB, --interpolate=IR/NSUB
Filter interpolation ratio, default 1. The interpolation and subsampling factors are specified as a fraction Ir/Nsub. Interpolation can only be used with FIR filters.
-a OFFS, --alignment=OFFS
Alignment of data relative to the filter. The first output sample is calculated with the beginning of the filter response aligned with the specified sample of the interpolated data sequence.
-g GAIN, --gain=GAIN
A gain factor applied to the data from the INPUT file. This gain applies to all channels in a file. The gain value can be given as a real number (e.g., "0.003") or as a ratio (e.g., "1/256").
-n NSAMPLE, --number_samples=NSAMPLE
Number of samples (per channel) for the OUTPUT file. If not specified, the number of samples is determined automatically.
-F FTYPE, --file-type=FTYPE
OUTPUT file type. If this option is not specified, the file type is determined by the output file name extension.
  "AU" or "au"             - AU audio file
  "WAVE" or "wave"         - WAVE file. Whether or not to use the WAVE
                             file extensible format is automatically
                             determined.
  "WAVE-EX" or "wave-ex"   - WAVE file. Use the WAVE file extensible
                             format.
  "WAVE-NOEX" or "wave-noex" - WAVE file; do not use the WAVE file
                             extensible format
  "AIFF-C" or "aiff-c"     - AIFF-C sound file
  "AIFF-C/sowt" or "aiff-c/sowt" - AIFF-C (byte-swapped data)
  "AIFF" or "aiff"         - AIFF sound file
  "noheader" or "noheader-native" - Headerless file (native byte order)
  "noheader-swap"          - Headerless file (byte swapped)
  "noheader-big-endian"    - Headerless file (big-endian byte order)
  "noheader-little-endian" - Headerless file (little-endian byte order)
  "text-audio"             - Text audio file (with header)
-D DFORMAT, --data-format=DFORMAT
Data format for the OUTPUT file.
  "mu-law8"   - 8-bit mu-law data
  "A-law8"    - 8-bit A-law data
  "unsigned8" - offset-binary 8-bit integer data
  "integer8"  - two's-complement 8-bit integer data
  "integer16" - two's-complement 16-bit integer data
  "integer24" - two's-complement 24-bit integer data
  "integer32" - two's-complement 32-bit integer data
  "float32"   - 32-bit IEEE floating-point data
  "float64"   - 64-bit IEEE floating-point data
  "text16"    - text data, scaled the same as 16-bit integer data
  "text"      - text data, scaled the same as float/double data
The data formats available depend on the output file type.
  AU audio files:
    mu-law, A-law, 8/16/24/32-bit integer, 32/64-bit float
  WAVE files:
    mu-law, A-law, offset-binary 8-bit, 16/24/32-bit integer,
    32/64-bit float
  AIFF-C sound files:
    mu-law, A-law, 8/16/24/32-bit integer, 32/64-bit float
  AIFF and AIFF-C/sowt sound files:
    8/16/24/32-bit integer
  Headerless files:
    all data formats
  Text audio files:
    tex16, text
-I INFO, --info=INFO
Add an information record to the OUTPUT audio file.
-h, --help
Print a list of options and exit.
-v, --version
Print the version number and exit.

See routine CopyAudio for a description of other parameters.

-t FTYPE, --type=FTYPE
Input file type and environment variable AF_FILETYPE
-P PARMS, --parameters=PARMS
Input file parameters and environment variable AF_INPUTPAR
-D DFORMAT, --data-format=DFORMAT
More details on allowed data formats for the output file
-I INFO, --info-INFO
Details on usage and default information records
-S SPEAKERS, --speakers=SPEAKERS
Loudspeaker configuration

Environment variables:

AUDIOPATH:
This environment variable specifies a list of directories to be searched when opening the input audio files. Directories in the list are separated by colons (semicolons for Windows).

Author / version:

P. Kabal / v10r1 2017-10-18

See Also

CopyAudio, ResampAudio


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